What type of counseling focuses on instances of superior or substandard performance?

The correct choice is performance counseling, which specifically addresses instances of both superior and substandard performance. This type of counseling is essential for helping soldiers understand how their actions align with the expectations of their role and the organization. It provides a structured way for leaders to communicate about performance, recognize accomplishments, and identify areas for improvement.

During performance counseling sessions, the leader reviews the individual's work, setting measurable performance objectives that are aimed at enhancing capabilities and productivity. It is typically done at regular intervals, such as after a particular event or as part of annual evaluations, making it a crucial component of the professional development process.

While other types of counseling, such as event counseling, may address specific situations or incidents, performance counseling is uniquely geared towards assessing overall work performance in a more comprehensive and formal manner.